At this point, ductility and resistance to fracture will need to be considered.

This can change the material’s mechanical properties in the area of the bend, where plastic deformation is occurring. The strains associated with the plastic deformation when cold forming can cause the material to strain-harden. The limits of material ductility will be the controlling factor for the minimum bend radius. Material expansion occurs on the outside surface of the bend, compression on the inside, and you need to know how to deal with both. First, consider the material’s chemical composition, its surface and edge condition, as well as its thickness, and determine whether the bend is with or across the material’s grain direction.Īll forming, regardless of scale, involves some kind of plastic deformation. When it comes to very thick or high-tensile-strength material, traditional rules for determining minimumīend radii, minimum punch nose radii, die openings, bending force calculations, and tooling requirements may no longer apply-at least not in the same way that they do when working with thinner gauges.īecause the workpiece can be extremely thick and strong, you need to understand the variables and learn how to work with them. Likewise, plate steel varies in strengths from mild varieties to some very high-strength materials such as Hardox ®. While sheet metal gauges run from 0.005 to 0.249 inch thick, aluminum and steel plate thicknesses start at 0.250 in. Figure 1: A plate’s grains run parallel to the rolling direction.

11mm steel tube bend radius chart